Compare Scenarios

Migration Step 1

Both scenarios define a migration step at this stage. Observability Platform: triggered by 'Prometheus storage limits reached at production metric volum'. API Gateway Platform: triggered by 'PostgreSQL hot path query p99 > 2ms under sustained request '.

Migration Step 2

Both scenarios define a migration step at this stage. Observability Platform: triggered by 'Elasticsearch indexing pressure causing log rejection (HTTP '. API Gateway Platform: triggered by 'Rate limit enforcement allowing requests above the configure'.

Migration Step 3

Both scenarios define a migration step at this stage. Observability Platform: triggered by 'Alert evaluation latency > 1s causing missed alert firing wi'. API Gateway Platform: triggered by 'First Redis instance crash causing 100% gateway error rate f'.

ClickHouse part merge frequency increasing; dashboard queries timing out on metrics with high label cardinality; ClickHouse system.metrics showing active_parts count elevated; new metric instrumentation causing sudden storage growth disproportionate to fleet size; query_log showing metrics queries scanning full column segments without pruning

Tier 1: Metric Cardinality Budget Exceeded: Unbounded label cardinality generating millions of distinct time series that exceed ClickHouse part merge capacity and query planner pruning effectiveness. Recommended evolution: Enforce a cardinality budget at ingestion: before a metric is accepted, evaluate the distinct value count of each label dimension against a per-dimension limit (e.g., max 100 distinct values for any single label key). Reject or rewrite metrics that exceed the budget: rewrite user_id labels to user_cohort or drop them entirely. Implement a cardinality analysis dashboard showing the top 10 highest-cardinality metric series sorted by storage cost. ClickHouse distributed table partitioning by metric name reduces the impact of a single high-cardinality metric on global query performance. .

Kafka log topic consumer lag growing > 1 million messages during incident periods; Elasticsearch indexing throughput metrics showing queue buildup; incident post-mortems noting that relevant log records were not available in the search interface during the incident; log consumer memory pressure from unbounded batch accumulation

Tier 2: Log Volume Spike Exceeding Consumer Throughput: Log Kafka consumer sized for normal throughput; unable to drain the spike volume produced during incident-driven log floods. Recommended evolution: Size the log consumer for 10x normal throughput, not 1x: observability platform capacity must be planned for the incident scenario, not the steady state. Implement consumer autoscaling triggered by consumer lag metric: when Kafka consumer lag exceeds a threshold, add consumer instances automatically. Implement log sampling at the producer side for DEBUG and INFO level messages during identified spike periods : preserve all ERROR and WARN messages, sample INFO at 10%, sample DEBUG at 1%. This bounds the worst-case log volume without sacrificing diagnostic signal. .

Redis command latency p99 > 0.5ms; gateway hot path p99 exceeding 2ms with Redis as the bottleneck (not upstream service); Redis CPU > 60% sustained; Lua script execution visible in SLOWLOG at > 0.1ms frequency

Tier 1: Redis Rate Limit Throughput: Single Redis instance processing all rate limit Lua scripts serially for all tenants across all gateway replicas. Recommended evolution: Shard rate limit counters across Redis Cluster nodes by hashing tenant_id to a cluster slot; this distributes Lua script execution across nodes proportional to tenant count; ensure tenant_id-keyed counters use hash tags ({tenant_id}) so all keys for a tenant land on the same slot and Lua scripts can operate on them atomically; do not use Redis Cluster without testing Lua script compatibility against your cluster topology first .

Tenant reports that rate limit increase takes > 30 seconds to take effect across all gateway replicas; configuration change audit log shows primary PostgreSQL write completing, but gateway replicas still routing to old backend endpoints beyond the expected cache TTL window

Tier 2: Configuration Propagation Latency: Local in-process cache TTL too long, or cache invalidation signal (Redis pub/sub or Kafka) not reaching all replicas. Recommended evolution: Implement configuration change notification via Redis pub/sub: PostgreSQL configuration writes also publish a config_invalidated event to a Redis channel; each gateway replica subscribes to this channel and flushes the affected local cache key on receipt; this reduces propagation latency from TTL duration to sub-second pub/sub delivery without eliminating the local cache that protects Redis from per-request configuration lookups .